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THE 



MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 



CENTENNIAL ADDRESS. 

1883. 



I783-I883. 

Cl)e iWassatljusctts ^actct]) of tiye Ci'iumnati. 



AS HISTORICAL ADDRESS 



DELIVERED ON THE OCCASION 



THE CENTENNIAL CELEBRATION 



AT BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS, 



July 4, 1883, 



eW 



By SAMUEL C. COBB, 



PRESIDENT. 




BOSTON: 

PRINTED BY ORDER OF THE SOCIETY. 

1883. 



A 



(JTamfarttige : 

PRINTED BY JOHN WILSON A^'D SON, 
UNIVKRSITY PRESS. 



At the Centennial Dinner of the Massachusetts 
Society of The Cincinnati, given at Boston Jnly 4, 188-3, 
on motion of Mr. William H. Savage, seconded hy Mr. 
Daniel C. Lillie, it was nnanimonsly voted that the 
Historical Address delivered this day by the President, be 
printed, and that a cop}^ thereof be sent to each member 
of the Society. 

Attest : 

DAVID G. IIASKINS, Jr., 

Assistant Secretary . 



ADDRESS. 



Brothers of the Cincinnati : 

" I ^HE pleasant duty devolves upon me of welcoming 
you, which I do most cordially, to this reunion of 
the Massachusetts Cincinnati. 

Besides the pleasures that are wont to attend these 
annual gatherings, it is our privilege to-day to perform 
a most grateful service, in taking note of the fact that 
this honored Institution has recently completed the 
first century of its existence. I am sure you would 
hardly forgive me, — indeed, I should consider myself 
to be remiss in the performance of my duty, — if I did 
not take occasion at this time to glance briefly at some 
of the facts and incidents connected with the history of 
this Society. 

There is in our archives a paper in the well-known 
handwriting of General Henry Knox, with this indorse- 
ment : " Rough Draft of a Society to be formed by 
the American Officers, and to be called ' The Cincin- 
nati.' " It is dated '^ West Point, April 15, 1783." It 



8 



covers eight foolscap pages, and exhibits various era- 
sures and interlineations, but is in substance the same 
as the present Institution. The discovery of this inter- 
esting document, the existence of which was long 
unknown, settled the question which had sometimes 
been asked as to who was the founder of the 
Cincinnati ? 

The idea of forming such an organization was at first 
supposed to have been suggested by Baron Steuben, as 
stated in Judge Burke's famous pamphlet, entitled 
" Considerations on the Order or Society of the Cincin- 
nati ; " but this is shown to be an error by the Baron's 
letter to Knox of Nov. 11, 1783, in which, referring to 
Burke's assertion, he says, " He makes me author and 
grand-master of the Cincinnati ; this is whipping you 
over my shoulders." ^ Brigadier-General Huntington, 
of Connecticut, who was one of the committee to con- 
sider and report upon the original draft of the Institu- 
tion, probably had a hand in revising and shaping the 
instrument as finally adopted. 

A glance at the condition of affairs at the close of 
the Eevolution — a most critical period of our national 
history — is essential to a proper understanding of the 
motives and objects of the founders of the Society. 

During the winter of 1782-83, the American forces 
lay encamped at Newburg, on the banks of the Hud- 
son. The war was over, and independence secured ; 
but the country was exhausted, and the outlook any- 
thing but promising. The army felt that its dissolution 
was imminent, and that very soon its members Avere to 

^ Steuben's letter is among the Knox Papers in the library of the New 
England Historic Genealogical Society. 



9 



be dismissed forever from the service of their country, 
with no other resources than such as chance or their 
own private means might afford. Congress, no longer 
the illustrious body that had once riveted the attention 
of the civilized world, and wielded autocratic power, — 
Congress was now so destitute of influence as to be 
wholly unable to provide for the payment of the troops, 
then largely in arrears ; all it could do was to recom- 
mend to the different States to permit the money for 
national purposes to be levied : a recommendation was 
regarded or not, as the case might be. All this was 
well understood by the army. The members felt that 
they would never get their money unless some definite 
arrangement were made before the organization was 
disbanded. To add to their irritation, the public prints 
made strenuous opposition to granting pensions for 
military services, — an opposition prompted by those 
prudent patriots w^ho had stayed at home during the 
war, but who now, when danger was over, fearlessly 
came to the front. Congress afterward issued certifi- 
cates for five years' pay, in lieu of the half-pay for life 
that it had previously granted. These the more needy 
of the soldiers were obliged to part with at a ruinous 
discount. Often, on reaching home, the war-worn vet- 
eran had nothing to show for his long service but his 
ragged uniform and his honorable. scars. 

Poverty had made sad w^ork among these men. 
Poorly paid, they had as a general rule been compelled 
to depend to a greater or less extent upon their own 
scanty resources. Their wives and daughters (and we 
should never lose sight of this fact), — the women of 
the Ptevolution, — had borne a part in the toils and 



10 



sacrifices of the long and arduous struggle for inde- 
pendence with a patient heroism no whit inferior to 
the more active valor of husbands and brothers. Not 
only did they encourage and stimulate the men in the 
performance of patriotic duties, but often, besides dis- 
charging their own household labors, they did the 
men's work in the cultivation of the farm. 

" The situation of the officers," writes Washington to 
Hamilton, March 12, 1784, " I do believe is distressing 
in the extreme. It is affirmed to me that a large pro- 
portion of them have no better prospect before them 
than a jail, if they are turned loose without liquidation 
of accounts, and an assurance of that justice to which 
they are so worthily entitled." 

It is not wonderful, therefore, that a spirit of dis- 
affection pervaded the ranks. An anonymous writer ' 
gave forcible and eloquent expression to this feeling in 
a paper distributed throughout the camjD, in which it 
was proposed that the army should relinquish the ser- 
vice in a body if the war continued ; or, in case of 
peace, that they should still retain their arms, in defi- 
ance of civil authority. This paper produced intense 
excitement. 

Impressive and critical as was the exigency, how- 
ever, Washington was fully equal to its requirements. 
Calling the officers together, he counselled moderation 
in a dignified and patriotic speech, calmed the general 
agitation, and restored order and discipline. As he 
put on his spectacles to read his address he said, " You 
see, gentlemen, that I have not only grown gray but 
blind in your service." This incident, simple as it was, 

^ Major John Aiuistrong. 



11 



produced a powerful effect. '' Without this scene," 
wrote M<ajor Shaw to a friend, " I should never have 
known to what heights human nature was capable of 
attaining." ^ 

I well remember hearing the late Rev. David Smith, 
D. D. (a member of this Society who died in 1862), 
give a graphic account of a visit that he made to tlie 
encampment of the Revohitionary army on the Hudson, 
just before the close of the war. His father, Captain 
Ebenezer Smith, came home on a short furlough, and 
David accompanied him on his return to the camp, 
being at that time scarcely sixteen years of age. 

He reached West Point in time to be an eye-witness 
of the last review of troops made by the illustrious 
Commander-in-Chief at that place. The beneficent 
countenance and majestic presence of General Wash- 
ington, as he appeared on that occasion, and the steady 
marching and soldierly bearing of the troops as they 
passed in review, made an impression upon the boy so 
vivid and thrilling, that the scene ever afterward, he 
said, seemed to him to be a present reality, and could 
never be effaced from his memory. He remained near 
headquarters till the army was disbanded ; and while 
there he frequently saw General Washington and his 
associates-in-arms. 

At last for the army the hour of parting struck. 
Old comrades who side by side, during all those years, 
had fought and bled, sometimes pinched by hunger and 
poverty to the utmost limit of human endurance, were 
now to separate, not knowing if they ever should meet 
again on earth, or what fate might have in store for them 

1 Journal of Samuel Shaw, with a memoir by Josiali Quincy, p. 10."). 



12 



in the unknown future. It must be remembered that 
these men thus remanded to the farm or workshop had 
lost their taste for the arts of peace and their skill in 
cultivating them, and with their meagre resources they 
naturally viewed the coming struggle for existence 
with melancholy forebodings. 

Hear w^iat Judge Burke, the ablest opponent of the 
Cincinnati Society, says of these men. " It must be 
remembered," says Burke, " that a series of hardy, gal- 
lant, and splendid actions, through a fierce and desper- 
ate conflict, their toils and sufferings, and their patience 
under them, and, above all, the glorious success which 
crowned the whole, have rendered the officers of the 
American Army the most renowned band of men that 
this day walk on the face of the globe." ^ 

Although these men had secured the independence of 
their country, they well knew that she was too poor to 
do anything for them ; and that if they or their chil- 
dren should thereafter be in need, it must be to their 
comrades that they would have to look for help. 

This was the situation when Knox, who had long 
cherished the idea, proposed the formation of the 
Society of the Cincinnati. 

The desire to possess honorary distinctions has 
shown itself from the earliest times, and among 
nations strongly dissimilar ; and to be able to wear 
them on the person as evidence of valuable service to 
one's country has always been an honorable object of 
ambition. The " button " of the Mandarin, the " fleece" 
of the Spanish grandee, and the " garter " of the Eng- 

' Considevatioiis on the Order or Society of the Cincinnati. 



13 



lish knight are badges of distinction equally prized and 
coveted. The sentiment which prompts the bestowal 
of these incentives to exertion lies deep in the founda- 
tions of our nature. The -recognition of meritorious 
service has been made use of b}^ every government that 
could maintain pretensions to civilization ; and to-day 
these incentives to nobler effort prevail throughout the 
civilized world. 

On the 10th of May, 1783, a meeting of the gen- 
eral officers, and of one officer from the line of each 
regiment, was held at the cantonment of the army to 
consider the subject of the proposed association. Baron 
Steuben presided ; and upon the favorable report of 
a committee consisting of Generals Knox, Hand, and 
Huntington, and Captain Shaw, three days later, at the 
headquarters of the brave old Baron (known since as 
the Yerplanck manor, near Fishkill), the Institution of 
the Society of the Cincinnati was with great unanimity 
adopted. 

The leading objects of the Society are thus stated in 
this instrument : " To perpetuate the remembrance of 
the achievement of national independence, as well as the 
mutual friendships which have been formed under the 
pressure of common danger, and in many instances ce- 
mented by the blood of the parties, — the officers of the 
American Army do hereby in the most solemn manner 
associate, constitute, and combine themselves into one 
society of friends, to endure as long as they shall en- 
dure, or any of their eldest male posterity, and, in fail- 
ure thereof, the collateral branches who may be judged 
worthy of becoming its supporters or members." 

Though smarting under their country's neglect 



14 



these patriotic men did not lose sight of her welfare. 
In this same instrument they declare it to be " their 
unalterable determination to promote and cherish 
between the respective States that union and national 
honor so essentially necessary to the happiness and the 
future dignit}" of the American Empire." It is a source 
of just pride that our Society, originating as it emphati- 
cally did in merit alone, ghould also have so valid a 
claim to perpetuity as is contained in this patriotic 
declaration. In this direction it can still be useful, and 
the fundamental principles upon which it rests should 
never be departed from. 

Officers were eligible to membership who had served 
for three years, or to the end of the war, or who had 
been left out on the several reductions of the army, 
upon contributing one month's pay to the treasury of 
the respective State societies, the interest of this fund 
to be applied to the relief of the indigent widows and 
orphans of deceased members. 

The General Society was to be divided into State 
societies, and it was to meet triennially on the first 
Monday in May. The triennial meeting is composed 
of the officers of the General Society, and a delegation 
of not more than five members from each State. There 
have been thirty-five meetings of the General Society 
during the century, besides those supposed to have 
taken place between 1811 and 1829, of which no rec- 
ord exists. Onh' temporary officers were chosen at 
the first meeting, as follows : Washington, President ; 
General Knox, Secretary ; and General McDougal, 
Treasurer. A little later, the eagle, the beautiful in- 
siirnia of the order, was designed bv Maior I'Enfant. an 
accomplished engineer and draughtsman. 



15 



A number of prominent French officers who had 
aided us in achieving our independence were consti- 
tuted members of the Society. The French king, as a 
special mark of favor, permitted them to appear at court 
with the new decoration, the only foreign badge previ- 
ously suffered to be worn there bemg that of the Golden 
Fleece. The Society was held in high honor among 
the French officers, and its membership was eagerly 
sought by them. The terrible revolution which swept 
away every vestige of rank and title in France made 
sad havoc among them, and brought to the giullotine 
D'Estaing. Custine. Lauzun. De Broglie. Dillon, and 
others who had earned and worn the much-coveted 
decoration. The especial distinction accorded to the 
order by Louis XVI. was acknowledged by his suc- 
cessors as long as royalty held sway in France. In 
Russia it has received special recognition from the 
Czar ; and in Ensrland the badcre of the order is recow- 
nized by the Lord Chamberlam as a passport to court 
ceremonials. Our Society is more generally recognized 
abroad than any other American organization. At 
home, many prominent men have been among its 
members. 

One feature of the Institution — the hereditary suc- 
cession of its members — alarmed the friends of the 
new republic, then at the beginning of its experimental 
stage, and provoked hostile criticism from all quarters. 
The ablest of its opponents was Judge Burke, of South 
Carolina. The gifted Mirabeau also, afterward the 
impassioned orator of the French National Assembly, 
uttered this solemn warning : •• In less tlian a cen- 
tury this institution, which draws a hue of separation 



16 



between the descendants of the Cinchinatl and then- 
fellow-citizens, will have caused so great an inequality 
that the country which now contains none but citizens 
perfectly equal in the eye of the constitution and of the 
law, will consist altogether of two classes of men, — 
Patricians and Plebeians."^ 

How ridiculous this prediction seems to us, and how 
completely ■ was it falsified by the event! Yet such 
was the sensitiveness of popular feeling upon this 
subject at that day that these and similar forebodings, 
absurd as they now appear, produced a profound 
impression all over the country. 

That such ideas should be entertained by persons 
living under monarchical governments, and unfamiliar 
with the genius of our people, is not strange ; the won- 
der is that they should have been shared by some of 
the most enlightened of our own statesmen. Jefterson, 
Jay, the Adamses, even the sagacious Franklin, were 
among those who believed that the Society was laying 
the foundation of a new order of nobility. The State 
of Rhode Island threatened to disfranchise such of its 
citizens as were members of the Cincinnati ; but, not- 
withstanding the assertion of several writers that she 
did deprive them of citizenship, no such step was actu- 
ally taken by her, nor by any other State. McMaster, 
the latest writer upon this portion of our history, not 
only repeats but magnifies this error, for he tells us 
that " the officer who subscribed to its laws laid down 
in many States his rights of citizenship." ^ 

1 Considerations on the Order or Society of the Cincinnati, p. 22. 
- MciNIaster's History of the People of the United States, vol. i. 
p. 168. 



17 



Here in Massachusetts, a committee of both Houses 
of the Legislature reported, March 25, 1784, that the 
association was " unjustifiable, and, if not properly dis- 
countenanced, dangerous to the peace, liberty, and 
safety of the United States in general, and this com- 
monwealth in particular." No action, however, was 
taken by the Legislature, and the excitement eventu- 
ally subsided. 

So strong indeed was the public sentiment against 
the Society in our own State at that time, that even 
Knox its founder, and Jackson his bosom friend, 
stanch supporters of the order as they were, were 
for a time constrained to abstain from wearing their 
badges ; ^ and General Heath, then a candidate for 
senatorial honors, and fearing for the result, wrote on 
the eve of the election to the Secretary-General to 
erase his name from the Society's list of members.^ 

Knowing as we do the purity of the motives that 
actuated the founders of our Society, and the patriotism 
and beneficence that have marked its whole career ; 
and knowing, too, the utter impossibility of founding 
here, even had they desired to do so, an aristocratic 
and privileged class, — knowing all this, one can 
hardly repress a smile at the wide-spread alarm and 
apprehension excited by the wise, perfectly simple, 
and proper method devised by the Society for continu- 
ing its existence. 

^ See Winthrop Sargent's article in the "North American Review" 
for October, 1852. 

2 General Heath paid his money, but never met with the Society. 
See "Heath's Memoirs," pp. 380-82. Life of Samuel Adams, by S. A. 
Welles, vol. iii. p. 204. 

3 



18 



No one now thinks of questioning the wisdom of 
this method. The fact of its adoption hy that patriotic 
body of men known as the " Loyal Legion," whose 
task it was to preserve that which our original mem- 
bers had contributed so largely to secure, — this fact 
is of itself a sufficient commentary on the judgment 
and good sense of the founders of the Cincinnati in 
establishing such a rule, however contrary it might 
then have been to current popular sentiment. 

The first General Meeting of the Cincinnati, after 
the disbanding of the army, took place at the City 
Tavern in Philadelphia, in May, 1784. At the sugges- 
tion of Washington, and in deference to the strong and 
general sentiment of the country, it recommended to 
the State societies the abolition of the obnoxious pro- 
vision in the Institution. By this timely action the 
opposition was silenced, and the storm hushed. After 
the adoption of the Federal Constitution, warfare 
against the Society ceased. As, however, the pro- 
posed alteration in the Institution never was agreed 
to by the State societies, that instrument remains to 
this day unaltered in this respect. At- this meeting in 
Philadelphia the first regular officers of the Society were 
chosen. Washing-ton was of course named President- 
General ; General Gates was elected Vice-President- 
General ; and General Knox, Secretary-General. Since 
its formation the presiding officers of the Society have 
been as fohows : George Washington, Alexander Ham- 
ilton, Charles Cotesworth Pinckney, Thomas Pinckney, 
Aaron Ogden, Morgan Lewis, William Popham, Henry 
A. S. Dearborn, and Hamilton Fish. Four of the nine 



19 

have been from New York, and all bnt two were 
Revolutionary officers. 

With regard to the admission of new members, vari- 
ous rules have from time to time been adopted, and 
there is, — unfortunately, as I believe, — no uniformity 
of action in the different State societies. Since 1792, 
our Society has elected its members by ballot, and in 
1801 it adopted the rule of electing no person under 
twenty-one years of age. The principle of limiting 
membership to a single individual of the same line 
prevails uniformly in Massachusetts, and, I think, in 
Pennsylvania; while South Carolina admits all male 
descendants, at least in the same degree of blood. In 
Maryland, also, different degrees of the same stock in 
the line of descent, as father and son, are admitted 
together. 

In all the societies from the beginning, a brother or 
a nephew of an original member was eligible ; and 
direct male descendants, through female collateral 
lines, have, upon failure of original male lines, been 
made admissible, in preference to kinsmen more re- 
mote. The admission of nephew^s has been extended 
in Massachusetts and New York to one clahnina' 
through a sister of an original member. In 1822 the 
first and only instance occurred in Massachusetts of the 
choice of a cousin and nearest malt? relative to succeed 
a deceased member (William Lyman, now deceased, in 
that year succeeding his cousin James W. Lyman). The 
honorary membership in our Society has been limited 
to three, — William H. Prescott, in 1845 ; Dr. John C. 
Warren and Daniel Webster in 1847. 



20 



A recent rule of our Society permits a deviation from 
the succession of the heir male if, for satisfactory rea- 
sons, another be chosen. But ujDon the decease of the 
person so preferred, the membership reverts to the heir 
male of the original member. 

In 1799 the South Carolina society voted to admit to 
membership all the sons and all the male descendants 
of original members, whether such descendants derived 
through a male or female branch, or of such officers as 
having served with reputation died during the war, or 
who having been entitled to become members died 
wdthin six months after the army was disbanded, who 
might be judged worthy, provided three fourths of a 
legal quarterly meeting were in his favor, and upon the 
payment of thirty dollars. They also voted to admit, 
on a three-fourths vote and one month's pay, officers 
who had served six j-ears in the army or navy of the 
United States, or who after three years' service had 
been deranged by act of Congress.' This action of the 
South Carolina branch seems clearly to be a direct vio- 
lation of the organic law of the Society. No notice has 
been taken of it, however, by the General Society. 

I am not informed of the rules of other State so- 
cieties, now in force, in regard to the admission of 
members ; but I think the records will show that the 
Massachusetts State society has adhered more rigidly 
in this respect to the spirit of the original institution, 
from its beginning to the present time, than have the 
other State societies. 

By the action of the General Society in 1854, the 

1 See letter from the South Carolina Society, dated May 23, 1799, in 
the archives of the Massachusetts Society. 



21 

door of admission to membership was opened to the 
male descendants of such officers of the army or navy 
as might have joined it originally, but who fliiled so to 
do ; to those who resig-ned with honor or left the ser- 
vice with reputation ; and also to the male collateral 
relatives of any officer who died in service without 
leaving issue. It was further provided that the male 
descendants of those who were members of State socie-- 
ties which had been dissolved, might be admitted mto 
existing societies upon such terms as these societies 
might think proper to prescribe. This measure has had 
the effect to increase the membership of the Society, 
wdiich had previously been gradually diminishing. 

From the records of our State society I glean a few 
items of more than ordinary interest. Its first meeting 
was held at the cantonment of the Massachusetts line, 
near Newburg, on the 9th of June, 1783, three weeks 
after the formation of the General Society ; its subse- 
quent meetings have all been held in Boston. General 
Patterson presided ; one hundred and fifty members 
were in attendance, and the following named officers 
were chosen : President, Major-General Benjamin Lin- 
coln ; Vice-President, Major-General Henry Knox ; 
Secretary, Colonel John Brooks ; Treasurer, Colonel 
Henry Jackson ; Assistant-Treasurer, Captain Benjamin 
Hey wood. 

At a special meeting on the 11th of April, 1787, a 
standing committee w^as organized. It was to meet 
monthly to examine the claims of candidates for admis- 
sion ; to distribute aid from its funds to beneficiaries ; 
and to transact all other business of the Society. This 



22 



committee was subsequently enlarged, and now holds 
its stated meetings in March and November of each 
year. 

In 1788-89 our State society lost some valuable mem- 
bers, who emigrated to the Northwestern Territory, 
where, under the lead of Generals Rufus Putnam and 
Benjamin Tupper, they founded at Marietta the first 
white settlement in Ohio. Among these enterpris- 
ing pioneers were Colonels Sprout and Stacey, Major 
Oliver, Captains Nathaniel Gushing, Nathan Goodale, 
Zebulon King, Robert Bradford, Jonathan Stone, Huf- 
field White, and Jonathan Haskell. These gentlemen 
afterward formed a branch society, and applied for 
their portion of the Society's funds. The request was 
refused as incompatible with the terms of the Institu- 
tion itself, and as establishing a dangerous precedent. 
The capital fund has ever been regarded as a sacred 
trust by the Society, " to endure as long as they shall 
endure, or any of their eldest male posterity, and, in 
failure thereof, the collateral branches who may be 
judged worthy." , 

On the 10th of September, 1789, our State society 
w^as entertained on board the French fleet then in Bos- 
ton Harbor," commanded by the Marquis de la Gal- 
lissoniere, a member of the French Society, and on 
the twenty-fourth the French officers were in return 
the Society's guests at Concert Hall. This wns a 
grand affjiir ; the hall was gayly decorated, and a full 
band was in attendance. 

In this vear occurred also President Washington's 
visit to Boston. He was waited on by the Society at 
his quarters in the building which until quite recently 



23 



stood on the corner of Tremont and Court streets. The 
occasion was one of deep interest, six years having 
elapsed since their parting with their beloved com- 
mander-in-chief. An address was made b}^ Vice- 
President Eustis, to which the President made a feeling 
and eloquent reply. 

Another of these pleasant reunions occurred in 1817, 
when President Monroe, the second chief magistrate 
taken from the ranks of the Cincinnati, came to Bos- 
ton. He made the Exchange Coffee House his head- 
quarters, and received a congratulatory address from 
the Society. 

But the most memorable of all the occasions that 
brought the veterans of our State society together 
occurred in 1824, when Lafayette, after forty years' 
absence, revisited our shores as the guest of the nation. 
Probably no one has ever received a more enthusias- 
tic reception than that accorded upon this occasion to 
the " hero of two hemispheres." From the balcony 
of the mansion yet standing at the corner of Park and 
Beacon streets, with Brooks and Eustis, in their old 
continental uniforms, on either side of him, the dis- 
tinguished visitor saw the troops and the procession 
pass in review. A committee of the Society called 
upon Lafayette at the residence of Governor Eustis in 
Roxbury, before his entrance into Boston. They were 
anxious to offer him their congratulations at the earli- 
est moment, and to bid him welcome to the land they 
had imitedly struggled to defend. A few days after his 
arrival, the whole Society waited on him, and addressed 
him through their President. The General, in reply, 
expressed his thanks and gratification at being per- 



24 



mitted to revisit his surviving companions of the Revo- 
lutionary Array, to whom he tendered his '' grateful 
thanks and constant love." While in Boston, the Mas- 
sachusetts Cincinnati again assembled to ofter him a 
tribute of affection, and their meeting was deeply in- 
teresting. His venerable associates-in-arms were in 
tears when he addressed them, and he appeared highly 
affected by the interview. Lafayette's visit has a spe- 
cial interest for this Society, as it was made the occasion 
for Brooks and Eustis, brothers-in-arms, to bury an old 
animosity. 

When in 1826 the fiftieth anniversary of the Decla- 
ration of Independence was celebrated, twenty of the 
old Revolutionary veterans, most of whom were over 
seventy years of age, assembled. One of them had not 
attended a meeting of the State society for forty years. 
We can well imagine that their greetings were warm, 
their reminiscences of the past abundant, and that their 
expressions of pleasure at being permitted once more 
to meet their old comrades, and to see the country for 
which they had fought and bled in so happy and pros- 
perous a condition, were deep and heartfelt. 

On Nov. 21, 1881, the descendants and represent- 
atives of Lafayette, Rochambeau, Noailles, and others 
of the gallant Frenchmen who aided us in our war for 
independence, were welcomed to Boston by the Presi- 
dent of our State society, in the name of the Massachu- 
setts Cincinnati. 

For six consecutive years, beginning with 1787, ora- 
tions were delivered before the Society on the 4th of 
July of each year. The orators were Colonel John 
Brooks, Colonel William Hull, Dr. Samuel Whitwell, 



25 



Colonel William Tudor, Dr. William Eustis, and Thomas 
Edwards. The first four were delivered at the Old 
Brick Meeting-house, and were printed. The last two 
were given in the Stone Chapel. On these occasions 
the Society marched in procession, accompanied by 
the officiating clergyman, to and from the " Bunch 
of G^^apes " tavern to the meeting-house. The rev- 
erend gentleman opened the services with prayer, and 
afterward dined with the Society. 

Our first annual meeting was held July 4, 1784, at 
the " Bunch of Grapes " tavern. This then famous 
hostelry, kept at that time by Colonel Marston, and 
afterward by Mrs. Lobdell, stood at the corner of 
State and Kilby streets, the present site of the New- 
England National Bank. After 1789, the annual fes- 
tive reunions of the Society were usually held at Con- 
cert Hall, the last of these occurring in 1846. From 
1848 to 1860 the Society met and dined at the United 
States Hotel. Since that period its meetings have been 
held at the Parker House. 

At the earlier anniversaries of the Society the cocked 
hat and knee breeches and the small sword were worn. 
The hair carefully jDOwdered and brought down to a 
pigtail claimed no small share of attention, and con- 
stituted an important feature in the costume. Old 
comrades met and talked over the past, recalling their 
varied experiences of the camp, the march, and the 
battle-field. Conviviality was apt to be carried to ex- 
cess in those days, and it was not likely to be unduly 
restrained by old campaigners on the anniversary day 
of the nation they had helped to found. 

Apropos of this now obsolete feature of our annual 

4 



26 



gatherings was the toast of Major Jackson, an old 
artilleryman. Said the Major : " May we not over- 
charge our old pieces, and never heat them hotter than 
they were at Monmouth." This is said to have been 
a " palpable hit." 

Some of these scarred veterans present at these 
social reunions had served from Bunker Hill to York- 
town. Their talk was of the retreat through New Jer- 
sey and the night-march to Trenton, the destitution 
and misery of Valley Forge, the heat and dust of 
Monmouth, the storming of Stony Point under the 
lead of " Mad Anthony," the treason of Arnold, the 
capture and execution of Major Andre, and the decisive 
events of Saratosfa and Yorktown. 

o 

The dinners — and they w^ ere good and substantial 
repasts — cost each member four shillings, equal to two 
thirds of a dollar; the wine, which was an " extra," two 
shillings : this was in 1789. The Master of Ceremo- 
nies w^as directed to call for the bill before sunset, — 
perhaps to avoid an extra charge for candles ! 

Since 1794, the cost of the annual dinner has been 
defrayed from the funds of the Society. The regular 
toasts were originally thirteen in number ; but as State 
after State came into the Union, their number corres- 
pondingly increased. They were usually of a patriotic 
character. One, which has never been omitted, is 
drunk standing and in silence, — '' To the memory 
of Washington." 

The Antislavery sentiment of the time is revealed 
in a toast given soon after the Missouri Compromise 
Act of 1820. It was this : " Our sister States in the 
South : May the time soon come, when their songs 



27 



of liberty shall no longer mingle with the sighing of 
slaves ! " 

After a century of existence as a Society, the ques- 
tion naturally arises, Has it faithfully carried out the 
cherished objects of its founders ? That it has perpetu- 
ated and strengthened the friendships of our members 
does not admit of question. Especially bright and en- 
joyable were those rare occasions particularly noticed 
in our records, that brought from a distance comrades 
like General North (the favorite aid of Steuben), Colonel 
Trumbull (the painter), Colonel Nathan Rice, and John 
K. Smith. The descendants of the original mem- 
bers have cherished and know how to value this most 
agreeable feature of their association. 

That another and much more important object has 
also been borne in mind, is attested by the Society's 
records, which show that whenever the institutions we 
so highly prize were threatened either by domestic or 
foreign foes, the members of the Society instantly came 
forward to sustain the cause of union and good gov- 
ernment. 

The first of these occasions, the Shays Insurrection, 
occurred in Massachusetts in the winter of 1786-87. 
Those were dark days. The old Confederacy w\as 
falling into contempt, and there seemed little hope of 
uniting the discordant political el'ements then existing 
into anything like a stable form of government. Ad- 
vantage was taken of this state of affairs by a few 
desperate men, who hoped to derive some benefit from 
the overthrow of the State government. Notwith- 
standing the fact that many of the officers were still 



28 



unpaid, and extremely depressed in their j)rivate cir- 
cumstances, the moment the government was in dan- 
ger, they rallied unanimously to its support. 

The following extract from the report of a committee 
of the Society, composed of Generals Knox and Lin- 
coln, Colonel Brooks and Dr. Eustis, dated Oct. 11, 
1786, and which, as the records show, was unanimously 
adopted, speaks for itself : " Having the happiness," 
say the committee in their report, " to live under a 
o;overnment of laws and not of men, attached to that 
government by the strong ties of principle and habit, 
valuing freedom in proportion to the sacrifices they 
have made in her support, this Society will never 
tamely suffer these inestimable blessings to be wrested 
from their hands by foreign force, or domestic faction. 
The Society are interested in the preservation of the 
Constitution ; and so long as life and its attendant 
blessings, so long as public faith and private credit are 
made the sacred objects of government, agreeably to 
its original institution, this Society pledge themselves 
to support it by every means, and by every exertion 
in their power." 

Nor was this all. The pledge thus given was amply 
redeemed. Several of the Cincinnati played a most 
prominent part in suppressing the outbreak which 
quickly had attained to formidable proportions. Gen- 
eral Lincoln headed the forces that in mid-winter 
marched through deep snows against it in the west. 
General Shepherd, with a few cannon-shot, shattered 
and dispersed it in the same quarter; and General 
Knox, then Secretary of War, was active in providing 
for the security of the United States arsenal at Spring- 



29 



field. In Bristol County the mob, confronted by the 
energetic and determined officer, who declared that 
he would " sit as a judge, or die as a general," and 
who would, as they well knew, keep his word, — scat- 
tered without firing a shot. 

The prospect of a war with France, in 1798, called 
out similar assurances from the Society of loyalty and 
support to the government ; and there can be no doubt 
that had the necessity arisen, their acts would not have 
belied their words. 

In the great rebellion which divided our country on 
a strictly geographical line, the large majority of the 
Cincinnati were actively loyal. The patriotism of the 
sires bore les^itimate fruit in the sons. Amono; the o-al- 
iant men who upheld our country's flag in the hour of 
her utmost need, the descendants of the Cincinnati 
were everywhere conspicuous, and proved themselves 
worthy of their exalted origin. South of Mason and 
Dixon's line the Union men, though few in number, 
made a gallant fight to prevent the impending catas- 
trophe ; but they were completely buried beneath the 
fierce waves of secession which at that time over- 
whelmed the Southern section of our country. 

One other theme presents itself in connection with 
our inquiry. 

We have seen how the Cincinnati have responded to 
the calls of friendship and patriotism. What have they 
accomplished toward fulfilling the beneficent designs 
of the founders of the order ? 

No sooner had the Society been organized than a 
committee was appointed '• to inquire into the situa- 



30 



tion of distressed members." It was six years, however, 
before the fii\st application for relief was made. 

Two years later (1791), the standing committee was 
empowered to grant, annually, a sum not exceeding 
twenty dollars to each applicant for relief. In 1796 it 
was voted to apply the entire interest of the Society's 
fund for this purpose ; and that its benevolent objects 
might be more fully attained, the standing committee 
was instructed to give public notice of its meetings. 
It is a matter of wonder that the applications for aid 
were so few in the earlier days of the Society. Forty 
years after its establishment the number of its benefi- 
ciaries had risen to ninety ; in 1847 it had decreased 
to fifty, and is now but half that number. In 1862 it 
was found expedient to adopt a rule restricting aid so 
as to apply it solely to our indigent members, and to 
the widows and orphans of said members. 

The administration of the Society's finances has 
always been in able hands. Its past treasurers — 
General Jackson, Robert Williams, and William Per- 
kins, each of whom were many years in office — 
have by their judicious management so increased the 
fund of the Society as to enable it to carry out the 
eleemosynary provision of its Institution in a most 
enlarged and liberal manner. While its beneficiaries 
in 1847 received annually on an average but about 
thirty dollars each, they now receive over eighty dol- 
lars each. 

The sums contributed by original members, as ap- 
pears by our books, was |13,058.15. These were 
paid in Continental certificates, which were probably 
redeemed at par. 



;i 



When it is considered that not a few of these con- 
tributions were made at the cost of great personal 
inconvenience and even of comfort, such as we in this 
day can neither understand nor appreciate, we can tlie 
better realize the earnest interest which these men felt 
in establishing this brotherhood. One instance of this 
kind has come to my knowledge. An original member 
of this Society, who served through the Revolutionary 
war with much distinction, — a brigadier-general at its 
close, — went home to poverty, and ruined in health. 
He soon afterwards died. He was so much reduced in 
his pecuniary circumstances that his widow was obliged 
to ask help in order to defray the expense of his 
burial. 

Surely, a fund gathered for such uses as was that of 
the Cincinnati, and representing as it did the hard- 
earned and, in some instances, the only savings of the 
contributors, cannot be held too dearly or guarded too 
closely by those to whose care it has been committed.^ 

The amount paid from the treasury of this Society in 
aid of members and their descendants to the present 
time, as the records show, exceeds ninety thousand 
dollars. The expenditures for annual dinners and inci- 
dentals has been another and no inconsiderable item 



1 In a circular dated June, 1836, Dr. James Thacher of Plymouth calls 
for the dissolution of the Society and the distribution of its funds. " Our 
glorious days are gone by," says the writer, " our work is tinislied; not 
more than twenty of our original members survive, and the time is at 
hand when not an individual of the old stock will be seen at your festive 
board. Our funds might add much to the comfort of the old debilitated 
soldiers if divided." At the annual meeting July 4, 1836, "the subject 
of dissolving the Society, as suggested by Dr. Thacher, was debated, and 
on motion it was indefinitely postponed." 



32 



of expense. Notwithstanding this, we begin the new 
century with our vested capital increased fully five- 
fold in amount, as compared with the sum contributed 
orio-inallv. 

On the rolls of our Society there are many distin- 
guished names, to a few of which it seems proper on 
this occasion briefly to refer. 

The army and navy are well represented by those 
of Lincoln, Knox, Rufus Putnam, Patterson, Greaton, 
Shepard, Tupper, Hull, Vose, Wesson, Jackson, Nichol- 
son, and Warren of the Revolutionary period, and by 
Casey, Hunt, Townsend, Davis, and Thatcher of later 
date, but of no less distinction. The names of Parker, 
Baylies, Cobb, and Binney have illustrated the bench 
and bar ; those of Eustis, Brooks, Homans, Townsend, 
Hunt, Green, and Thacher have graced the medical 
profession, of whom Brooks and Eustis have also wor- 
thily filled the gubernatorial chair of Massachusetts. 
The pulpit has been enriched by the piety and elo- 
quence of an Ingersoll, a Ballard, a Baury, and a 
Wells. In this connection I cannot forbear reference 
to one ^ whom it is not necessary in this presence to 
name. Far distant be the day when his genial com- 
panionship shall cease from among us, to gladden and 
to cheer ! Science and scholarship can claim Picker- 
ing, Popkin, Tudor, Bradford, Daveis, Dearborn, and 
Gould. Prominent among: the distino-uished names 
stands that of Charles Sumner, statesman, orator, and 
scholar. Franklin Pierce, one of our members, was 
the fourteenth President of the United States. Other 

1 The Rev. S. K. Lotlirop, D.D. 



33 

honored names will readily occur to you, such as Shaw, 
Sever, and others ; but the Ust is too long to be recited 
on this occasion, and I must leave it incomplete. 

Dr. Joseph Prescott, the last survivor of the original 
members, and at one time Vice-President of the Mas- 
sachusetts society, died at Great Barrington, Mass., in 
1852. The last of the original Cincinnati, Major Robert 
Burnett, survived until 1854. The Massachusetts roll 
contains at the present time the names of only four who 
are sons of original members ; namely, Dr. Samuel Al- 
den, of Bridgewater ; Benjamin H. Greene, of Brook- 
line', Mass ; John Edwards, of Portland, Me. ; William 
H. Burbeck, of New London, Conn. The roll also con- 
tains the name of William Eustis, of Philadelphia, a 
nephew of Governor William Eustis. 

Cincinnati, the '• Queen City of the West," was so 
named by General Arthur St. Clair, in honor of this 
Society, of which he was a member. St. Clair, as you 
remember, was the first governor of the Northwestern 

Territory. 

Of the thirteen original State societies, seven are 
yet in existence. Those of North Carolina and Geor- 
gia long ago ceased to have vitality. The Delaware, 
Connecticut, Virginia, and New Hampshire societies 
were dissolved in the years 1802, 1804, 1822, and 1830, 
respectively, tlie latter by the death of its last member. 
The Rhode Island Society was also dissolved in 1832, 
but has recently been revived by sons and representa- 
tives of former members now deceased. The only State 
societies of the Cincinnati ever incorporated were those 
of Pennsylvania, in 1792 ; Massachusetts, in 1806 ; and 
Rhode Island, in 1814. 



34 



The Massachusetts State society has always been the 
largest, — the three hundred and thirty-four members 
who originally signed its roll being now represented 
by ninety of their descendants ; and it is believed to 
have held more closely to the principles and practices 
of the original Institution than have either of the re- 
maining State societies, if we except that of Pennsyl- 
vania. These two societies have, as a rule, opposed all 
radical departures from the Institution as originally 
planned. 



A few figures exhibit the condition of each of the 
State societies, and the number of its regular and houo- 
rary members, as reported recently to the Secretary- 
General : — 



State Societjes. 


Original 
Members. 


Present 
Members. 


Honorary 
Members. 


Fund. 


Massachusetts .... 

New York 

New Jersey 

Pennsylvania 

Maryland 

South Carolina .... 
Rhode Island 

Totals 


33i 
230 
110 ■ 
268 
148 
131 
71 


90 
57 
41 
34 
22 
42 
29 


3 
9. 

5 


$53,000.00* 

22,000.00 

15,000.00* 

36,050.00 

5,660.00 

5,500.00 

1,401.23 


1,292 


315 


17 


$138,611.23 



Such, in brief. Brothers, is the record of this Society 
during the past hundred years. 

I have no need here more than to allude to the not 
less interesting, as well as important, history of this 
brotherhood, which is, and must always remain, un- 

* Securities taken at par. 



35 

written. Of the life-long friendships that have been 
fostered and strengthened here ; of the conntless and 
nameless individuals who have been the recipients of 
the Society's bounty ; of the genuine comfort and good 
cheer it has vouchsafed to all; of the inspiration to 
well-doino- that has gone out from these fraternal 
gatherings, hallowed by all the glorious memories 
and associations that belong to them, — these have 
not been, under the providence of God, without their 
influence in making up the sum of the good work which 
this Society has accomplished ; ay, and in making bet- 
ter men of all those who hnve accepted its membership 
in the true spirit of its Institution. 

Standing thus at the opening of the second cen- 
tury of this Society's existence, we have just cause 
to congratulate ourselves upon the record it has 
made. 

Let us look forward iiopefully and confidently to 
the work that is before us, remembering always that 
to us has been conunitted for the time being all the 
interests, all the nobly conservative influences and 
associations, of this time-honored Society. 

A o-lorious heritay:e is ours ; but this inheritance im- 
poses upon us important duties and responsibilities, 
which can be neither overlooked nor neglected if we 
would prove ourselves to be worthy of it. 

There is an old proverb which is to the effect that if 
we would be the equals of our fathers, we should be 
superior to them ; that is to say, as they occupied higher 
ground than those who preceded them, so, to be their 
equals, we must advance our position beyond theirs. 



36 



Let us see to it that the principles of honor, of a 
broad patriotism, and of an unswerving devotion to 
duty are the cardinal principles of our action, not only 
as members of this bi-otherhood, but as citizens of this 
republic which our fathers helped to found, and which 
they looked to their descendants to preserve, to 
streno-then, and to make the noblest among; the nations 
of the earth. 

Then shall an influence for good go forth from this 
organization which shall be worthy of its founders and 
of their successors ; an influence founded upon the 
everlasting principles of justice, charity, and truth, 
which shall be transmitted in all its strength and 
fulness to the generations which shall succeed us. 

EsTO Perpetua ! 



EXERCISES AT THE CENTENNIAL DINNER, 



LISTS OF offict:rs and members. 



Delegates to the triennial meeting of the General Society 
of the Cincinnati, to he holdcn at Princeton, ]V. e/., m 
Mag, 1884: — 

Samup^l C. Cobb. 
Charles D. Homans. 
Francis W. Palfrey. 
WiNSLow Wari:en. 
Samuel K. Lothrop. 



BOSTON,- JlTLV 4, 1883. 



CENTENNIAL DINNER 

At the Parker House, 2 o'clock, p.m. 

— ♦ — 

JEusic bn tl)c (licimanid |iaut). 



Toast-master David G. Haskins, Jr. 

Chaplain . . The Rev. Samuel K. Lothkop, D.D. 



TOASTS. 

I. The Memory of Washington. (Standing, in Silence.) 
Music: " Washington's Makch." 



II. 27ie Day and Year we Celebrate : The Birthday of our Na- 
tion, and the Centennial of our Order. We honor the 
memory of those who declared our Independence and 
of those who fought for it. 

3Iusic : " Hail Columbia." 



Historical Address by the President, the Hon. Samuel C. Cobb. 
Music: "The Marseillaise." 

Address by the Rev. Sabiuel K. Lothrop, D.D. 



40 



III. The Health of our Honored President : The last Presi- 
dent of the first century, the first President of the 
second century of our Order. Long may lie live in 
health, honor, and prospeiity, to preside over the nieet- 
ine:s of this Society ! 



Response, by the President. 



IV. The Army and N^avy of the United States : Few in num- 
ber, but mighty in spirit ; worthy sons of the men 
of Bunker Hill and Valley Forge, of Lake Erie, New 
Orleans, and Buena Vista. 

Jilusic : ''The Star-Spanuled Banner." 



V. 77ie Clergy : Zealous and 2)0\verful advocates of the 
riglits of man, whether in the pulpit, the foruni, or 
the battle-tield, in 1776 or 1883. 

" Those who, regardless of an earthly prize. 
Offer their lives a double sacrifice, — 
To God for men, to men for God: that band 
Of noble men, — the Clergy of our land." 

3Iusic. 

Response, by the Rev. James G. Vose, of Providence, 
Rhode Island. 



VI. The Surgeons of 1776, 1812, 1846, and 1861 : Fear- 
less messengers of mercy amidst the horrors of the 
battle-field ; freely shedding their own blood at their 
country's call ; true to-day, as in 1775, to the motto, — 
" Dulce et decorum est pro patria mori." 

3fusic. 

Response, by the Vice-President, Charles D. IIomans, M.D. 



VII. Plymotith Hock : The stepping-stone from mediaeval tra- 
ditions to modern liberty and equal rights. 



41 



" Like cleaves to like ! The wandering exiles found 
A rock, firm as their wills, on which to rest; 
No yielding clay, no flower-besprinkled ground, 
Would suit these man, —stern, tempest-tossed, oppressed. 
The gray old rock, ne'er yielding to their tread, 
Stamped its own impress on the little flock; 
And we, the children of the noble dead, 
Still thrill with reverence for Plymouth Rock." 

Music .; " America." 

Response, by Gamaliel Bradford. 



VIII. The Beneficiaries of the Society : The needs of the 
children only strengthen our remembrance of the 
patriotic deeds of the fathers. 

Response, by WiisrsLow Warren. 



IX. Our Brethren of the other State Societies : May the sa- 
cred ties of sympathy and love that united in their 
infancy the thirteen fair sisters, bind ever closer to- 
gether the seven survivors in their mature years. 

Music : " Yankee Doodle." 

Response, by tlie Rev. Winslow Warren Sever, 
of Poughkeepsie, N. Y. 



Closing Remarks by tlie Toast-master. 
Music: "AuLD Lang Syne." 



[The two poetical sentiments were written for this occasion by Mrs. 
Mary C. D. Watson, granddaugliter of the late 'hou. Charles S. Daveis 
President of tlie Society]. 



6 



OFFICEHS 



GENERAL SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI, 

Elected at the Triennial Meeting, held at 
Charleston, S. C, 1881. 



^Irtsibcnl- General . 
HAMILTON FISH, 

OF NEW YORK. 

Wut - ^ rjEsibtnl - d^ntral. 
AVILLIAM A. IRVINE, 

OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

GEORGE W. HARRIS, 

OF PENNSYLVANIA. 

Resistant ^ttrttarg- General. 
R I C H A R D T. M A N N I N G, 

OF MARYLAND. 

S^uasurer-^tnEral. 
JOHN SCHUYLER, 

OF NEW YORK. 

gissistaut S^reasurer-^fjteral. 
HERMAN BUR GIN, 

OF NEW .JERSEY. 



ORIGINAL MEMBERS 



MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 



Abbott, Josiah, Ensign. 

Abbott, Stephen, Captain. 

Adams, Henry, Eegimental Surgeon. 

Allien, Jiulah, Captain. 

Allen, Nathaniel C, Captain. 

Allen, Noah, Major. 

Ames, Jotham, Lieutenant. 

Andrews, William, Lieutenant. 

Armstrong, Samuel, Lieutenant. 

Ashley, Moses, Major. 

Austin, John, Lieutenant. 



B. 



Bailey, Adams, Captain. 
Bailey, Luther, Captain. 
Balcom, Joseph, Lieutenant. 
Baldwin, Jeduthun, Colonel. 
Ballantine, Ebenezer, Surgeon's Mate. 
Ballard, William H., Major. 
Bancroft, James, Lieutenant. 
Barlovy, Joel, Chaplain. 
Bassett, Barachiah, Lieut-Colonel. 
Baury de Bellerive, Captain. 
Baylies, Hodijah, Lieutenant-Colonel. 
Benson, Joshua, Captain. 
Blake, Edward, Lieutenant. 
Blanchard, John, Captain. 
Bowles, Ralph H., Lieutenant and 

Adjutant. 
Bowman, Samuel, Lieutenant. 
Bradford, Andrew, Lieutenant. 
Bradford, Gamaliel, Colonel. 
Bradford, Gamaliel, Lieutenant. 
Bradford, Robert, Captain. 
Bramhall, Joshua, Lieutenant. 



Brigham, Origon, Surgeon's Mate. 
Brooks, John, Lieutenant-Colonel- 
Commandant. 
Brown, Ebenezer, Lieutenant. 
Brown, Oliver, Captain-Lieutenant. 
Bugbee, Edward, Lieutenant. 
BuUard, Asa, Lieutenant. 
Burbeck, Henry, Captain. 
Burnham, John, Major. 
Bussey, Isaiah, Captain-Lieutenant. 



Callender, John, Captain-Lieutenant. 
Carleton, Moses, Lieutenant. 
Carleton, Osgood, Lieutenant. 
Castaing, Peter, Lieutenant. 
Chambers, Matthew, Captain. 
Chapin, Samuel, Lieutenant. 
Clap, Caleb, Captain. 
Clap, Joshua, Lieutenant. 
Clayes, Peter, Captain. 
Cobb, David, Lieutenant- Colonel- 
Commandant. 
Cogswell, Amos, Captain. 
Cogswell, Samuel, Lieutenant. 
Cogswell, Thomas, Major. 
Condy, Thomas H., Lieutenant. 
Cook, David, Captain. 
Cooper, Ezekiel, Captain. 
Cooper, Samuel, Adjutant. 
Crane, John, Colonel. 
Crane, John, Eegimental Surgeon. 
Crocker, Joseph, Captain. 
Crowley, Florence, Lieutenant. 
Gushing, Nathaniel, Captain. 
Gushing, Thomas, Lieutenant. 



44 



D. 



Dana, Benjamin, Lieutenant. 

Danforlh, Joshua, Lieutenant. 

Daniels, Japlietli, Captain. 

Darby, Samuel, Major. 

Davis, Ebenezer, Lieutenant, and 

Brigadier Quarter-Master. 
Davis, James, Lieutenant. 
Davis, John, Lieutenant and Adjutant. 
Dean, Walter, Captain. 
Dix, Nathan, Captain. 
Dodge, Levi, Lieutenant. 
Drew, Seth, Major. 
DufBeld, John, Regimental Surgeon. 



E. 



Eaton, Benjamin, Lieutenant. 
Edwards, Thomas, Lieutenant and 

Judge-Advocate. 
Egleston, Azariah, Lieutenant and 

Pay-Master. 
Emerson, Nehemiah, Captain. 
Emery, Ephraim, Lieutenant and 

Pay-Master. 
Eustis, William, Hospital Surgeon. 
Everett, Pelatiah, Lieutenant. 
Eysandeau, William, Lieutenant. 



P. 



Felt, Jonathan, Captain. 

Pinley, James E. B., Begimental Sur- 
geon. 

Pinley, Samuel, Eeginiental Surgeon. 

Fisk, Joseph, Regimental Surgeon. 

Ployd, Ebenezer, Ensign. 

Foster, Elisha, Ensign. 

Foster, Thomas, Lieutenant. 

Fowles, John, Captain. 

Freeman, Constant, Captain-Lieuten- 
ant. 

Freeman, Thomas D., Lieutenant. 

Frink, Samuel, Ensign. 

Frost, Samuel, Captain. 

Frothingham, Benjamin, Captain. 

Fryc, Frederick, Ensign. 

Fuller, John, Captain. 



G. 



Gardner, James, Captain-Lieutenant. 
Garrett, Andrew, Lieutenant. 
George, John, Captain-Lieutenant. 
Gibbs, Caleb, Major. 
Gilbert, Benjamin, Lieutenant. 
Goodale, Nathan, Captain. 
Goodwin, F. L. B., Surgeon's Mate. 
Greaton, John, Brigadier-General. 
Greaton, John W., Ensign. 
Greaton, Richard H., Ensign. 
Green, Francis, Captain. 
Greenleaf, William, Lieutenant. 
Gridley, John, Captain-Lieutenant. 

H. 

Hall, James, Lieutenant. 
Hamlin, Africa, Ensign. 
Hancock, Belcher, Captain. 
Hart, John, Regimental Surgeon. 
Hartshorn, Thomas, Captain. 
Harvey, Elisha, Captain-Lieutenant, 
Haskell, Elnathan, Captain. 
Haskell, Jonathan, Lieutenant. 
Hastings, John, Captain. 
Heath, William, Major-General. 
Hey wood, Benjamin, Captain. 
Hildreth, William, Lieutenant. 
Hill, Jeremiah, Lieutenant. 
Hinds, Bartlett, Captain-Lieutenant. 

Hiwell, John, Lieutenant, and In- 
spector of Music. 

Hobby, John, Captain. 

Holbrook, David, Captain. 

Holden, Aaron, Captain. 

Holden, Abel, Captain. 

Holden, John, Lieutenant. 

Holden, Levi, Lieutenant. 

Holland, Ivory, Lieutenant. 

Holland, Park, Lieutenant. 

HoUister, Jesse, Captain. 

Ilomans, John, Surgeon. 

Hooker, Zibeon, Lieutenant. 

Horton, Elisha, Ensign, 

Houdin, M. G., Captain. 

Howe, Richard S., Ensign. 

Hull, William, Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Hunt, Ephraim, Lieutenant. 



45 



Hunt, Thomas, Captain. 
Huril, John, Ensign. 



Ingersoll, George, Lieutenant. 



Jackson, Amasa, Ensign. 
Jackson, Charles, Ensign. 
Jackson, Daniel, Lieutenant. 
Jackson, Ebenezer, Lieutenant. 
Jackson, Henry, Colonel. 
Jackson, Michael, Colonel. 
Jackson, Michael, Lieutenant. 
Jackson, Simon, Captain. 
Jackson, Thomas, Captain. 
Jefferds, Samuel, Lieutenant. 
Johnston, John, Captain. 



Killam, Joseph, Captain. 

King, Zebulon, Captain. 

Knapp, INIoses, Major. 

Knowles, Charles, Captain-Lieutenant. 

Kno.x, Henry, Major-General. 



Larncd, Simon, Captain. 
Laughton, William, Surgeon's Mate. 
Leavcnsworth, Nathaniel, Surgeon's 

Ma te. 
Lee, Daniel, Captain. 
Lee, William R., Colonel. 
Leland, Joseph, Lieutenant. 
Leonard, Jacob, Ensign. 
Lillie, John, Captain. 
Lincoln, Benjamin, Major-General. 
Lincoln, Rufus, Captain. 
Liswell, John, Lieutenant. 
Lockwood, William, Chaplain. 
Lord, Jeremiah, Ensign. 
Lovell, James, Lieutenant. 
Lunt, Daniel, Captain. 
Lyman, Cornehus, Ensign. 

M. 

M'Cay, Daniel, Ensign. 
McKendrj', William, Lieutenant. 
Marble, Henry, Lieutenant. 
Mason, David, Jr., Lieutenant 



Maxwell, Hugh, Lieutenant-Colonel. 
Maynard, John, Lieutenant and 

Quarter-Master. 
Maynard, Jonathan, Captain. 
Maynard, William, Captain. 
Means, James, Captain. 
Mellisii, Samuel, Lieutenant. 
Miller, Jeremiah, Captain. 
Miller, Joseph, Lieutenant. 
Mills, John, Captain. 
Mills, William, Captain. 
Mooars, Benjamin, Lieutenant. 
Moore, William, Captain. 
Moore, William, Lieutenant. 
Morgan, Benjamin, Surgeon's Mate. 
Morrel, Amos, Major. 
Morton, Silas, Lieutenant. 
Myrick, Samuel, Lieutenant. 

N. 

Nason, Nathaniel, Lieutenant and 

Quarter-Master. 
Nelson, Henry, Lieutenant. 
Newhall, Ezra, Lieutenant-Colonel. 
Newman, Samuel, Lieutenant. 
Nicholson, Samuel, Captain in the 

Navy. 
Nixon, Thomas, Colonel. 
Nortii, AVilliam, Captain. 



0. 



Oliver, Alexander, Ensign. 
Oliver, Robert, Major. 



Pardee, Aaron, Lieutenant. 
Parker, Benjamin, Lieutenant. 
Parker, Elias, Lieutenant. 
Paterson, John, Brigadier-General. 
Peabody, -Ebenezer, Lieutenant. 
Peirce, Benjamin, Lieutenant. 
Peirce, John, Captain-Lieutenant. 
Peirce, Silas, Captain. 
Perkins, William, Major. 
Peters, Andrew, Lieutenant-Colonel. 
Pettingill, Joseph, Major. 
Phelon, Edward, Lieutenant. 
Phelon, John, Lieutenant. 
Phelon, Patrick, Lieutenant. 



46 



Tike, Boiijamin, Captiiin. 

Pope, Isaac, Major. 

Popkin, Jolin, Lieutenant-Colonel. 

Porter, Benjamin Jones, Surgeon's 

Mate. 
Pratt, Joel, Lieutenant. 
Prescott, Josepli, Hospital Mate. 
Putnam, Rufus, Brigadier-General. 

K. 

Randall, Thomas, Captain. 
Rawson, JcduUiun, Ensign. 
Rcab, George, Lieutenant. 
Remick, Timothy, Captain. 
Rice, Nathan, Major. 
Rice, Oliver, Lieutenant. 
Richardson, Abijah, Regimental 

Surgeon. 
Rickard, William, Lieutenant. 
Ripley, Hezekiali, Lieutenant. 
Rouse, Oliver, Captain. 
Rowe, Jolin, Ensign. 

S. 

Sampson, Crocker, Lieutenant. 
Sargeant, Wintliroi), Captain. 
Satterlce, William, Major. 
Savage, Henry, Lieutenant. 
Savage, Joseph, Captain. 
Sawyer, James, Ensign. 
Scammell, Samuel L., Ensign. 
Scott, James, Ensign. 
Selden, Charles, l>ieutenant. 
Sever, James, Ensign. 
Sewall, Henry, Captain. 
Seward, Thomas, Captain. 
Shaw, Samuel, Captain. 
Shepherd, William, Colonel. 
Sliepherd, WilHam, Ensign. 
Shute, Daniel, Regimental Surgeon. 
Smith, Ebenezer, Captain. 
Smith, Ebenezer, Captain. 
Smitli, John K., Captain. 
Smith, Joseph, Lieutenant. 
Smitii, Josiah, Lieutenant. 
Smith, Simeon, Captain. 
Smith, Sylvanus, Captain. 
Spring, Simeon, Lieutenant. 
Sprout, Ebenezer, Lieutenant-Colonel- 
Conmiandant. 



Stacey,' William, Lieutenant-Colonel. 
Stafford, John R., Ensign. 
Stephens, William, Captain. 
Stocker, Ebenezer, Lieutenant. 
Stone, Jonathan, Captain. 
Stone, Naihanicl, Lieutenant. 
Storer, Ebenezer, Lieutenant and 

Pay-Master. 
Story, John. 

Story, William, Captain. 
Sumner, Job, Major. 
Swan, Caleb, Ensign. 

T. 

Taylor, Othniel, Captain. 

Taylor, Tertius, Lieutenant. 

Taylor, William, Lieutenant and 
(Juarter-Master. 

Thacher, James, Regimental Surgeon. 

Thatcher, Nathaniel, Lieutenant. 

Thonuis, John, Regimental Surgeon. 

Thomas, Joseph, Captain. 

Thomas, Thaddeus, Lieutenant- 
Colonel. 

Tisdale, James, Capiain. 

Torrey, William, Lieutenant and 
Adjutant. 

Town, Jacob, Lieutenant. 

Townsend, David, Hospital Surgeon. 

Tread well, William, Captain. 

Trescott, Lemuel, Major. 

Trowbridge, Luther, Lieutenant. 

Trotter, John, Captain. 

Tucker, Joseph, Lieutenant and 
Pay-Master. 

Tudor, William, Lieutenant-Colonel 
and Judge -Advocate-General. 

Tupper, Anselm, Lieutenant and 
Adjutant. 

Tui)j)er, Benjamin, Colonel. 

Turner, Jonathan, Captain. 

Turnei-, Marlbray, Lieutenant. 

Turner, Peleg, Lieutenant. 

Turner, Thomas, Captain. 



Vose, Elijah, Lieutenant-Colonel 
Vose, Joseph, Colonel. 
Vose, Thomas, Captain. 



47 



w. 

Wales, Joseph, Lieutenant. 
Walker, Edward, Lieutenant and 

Pay-Master. 
Walker, Hobert, Captain. 
Wardwell, Josepli, Lieutenant. 
Warren, Adriel, Lieutenant. 
Warren, James, Jr., Lieutenant in 

the Navy. 
Warren, John, Lieutenant. 
Watsqn, William, Captain. 
Wattles, Mason, Captain. 
Webb, George, Captain. 
Webber, Daniel, Lieutenant. 
AVellington, Elisha, Lieutenant. 
Wells, Benjamin, Lieutenant. " 
Wells, James, Lieutenant. 
Wells, Thomas, Captain. 
Wesson, James, Colonel. 
White, Edward, Lieutenant. 



White, Haffield, Captain. 
Whiting, John, Lieutenant. 
Whitwell, Samuel, Surgeon. 
Wild, Ebenezer, Lieutenant. 
Williams, Abraham, Captain. 
Williams, Ebenezer, Lieutenant. 
Williams, John, Captain. 
Williams, Joseph, Captain. 
Williams, Robert, Lieutenant and 

Pay-Master. 
Wing, Jonathan, Ensign. 
Winslow, John, Captain. 
Woodbridge, Christopher, Captain. 
Woodward, Samuel, Surgeon's Mate. 



Y. 



Yoeman, John, Lieutenant. 



WiiOLK Number, 334. 



THE 



MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 

1883. 



OFFICERS. 



President. 
SAMUEL C. COBB. 

CHARLES D. HOMANS. 

Sccrttarg. 
FRANCIS W. PALFREY. 

STrcasuvcr. 
WINSLOW WARREN. 

Assistant 2brcasuvcv. 
GAMALIEL BRADFORD. 

3lssistant Srcittaii. 
DAVID G. HASKINS, Jr. 



StautJing Committfc. 



William Perkins. 
Samuel K. Lothuop. 
Edward S. Moseley. 
William Raymond Lee. 
Benjamin A. Gould. 
Henry J. Hunt. 



J. Huntington Wolcott. 
Charles W. Storey. 
Benjamin II. Greene. 
Alexander Williams. 
J. Collins Warren. 
Benjamin Lincoln. 



MEMBERS 

OF THE 

MASSACHUSETTS SOCIETY OF THE CINCINNATI. 

1883. 



Samuel Alden.' 
Leonard Arnold. 
S. D. Bailey. 
Walter L. Bailey. 
Edmund L. Baylies. 
Frederic F. Baury. 
Charles Upham Bell. 
Stephen W. Bowles. 
Gamaliel Bradford. 
Robert F. Bradford. 
Thomas G. Bradford. 
James Bullard. 
F. Prescott Bullock. 
William H. Burbeck. 
Thonias L. Casey. 
William Chase. 
Charles B. Clapp. 
Samuel C. Clarke. . 
Samuel C. Cobb. 
George H. Cooper. 
Lewis C. Crocker. 
Prentiss Cummiugs. 
Charles H. Davis. 
John J. Doland. 
Clement Drew. 
Charles M. Eaton. 
John Edwards. 
Nathaniel W. Emerson. 
William Eustis. 



Benjamin A. Gould. 
Benjamin H. Greene. 
David G. Haskins, Jr. 
Edmund T. Hastings. 
John G. Heywood. 
J. TJussell Hodge. 
Ciiarles D. Homans. 
Henry J. Hunt. 
Francis Jackson. 
Alexander B. Keyes. 
Gilbert C. Knapp. 
Amos A. Lawrence. 
Charles 0. Lawton. 
William Raymond Lee. 
Daniel C. Lillie. 
Benjamin Lincoln. 
Samuel K. Lothrop. 
Mansfield Lovell. 
William M. Maxwell. 
George A. McKendry. 
John W. Moore. 
Edward S. Moseley. 
J. W. A. Nicholson. 
Marcellus Nixon. 
Edward K. O'Brien. 
Francis W. Palfrey. 
Henry A. Peirce. 
William Perkins. 
Andrew P. Perry. 



50 



Jolin L, Peters. 
John Pickering. 
Josiah Pierce. 
William Pitt Preble. 
Nathan P. Rice. 
George D. Richardson. 
William H. Savage. 
George A. Sawyer. 
Winslow Warren Sever. 
Richard T. Seward. 
Daniel Shute. 
Henry Knox Sikes. 
William 11. Smith. 
John J. Soren. 
Henry H. Sproat. 
John T. Stoddard. 
Charles W. Storey. 



Edwin V. Sumner. 
Charles H. Thompson. 
William Torrey. 
E. D. Townsend. 
George C. Trumbull. 
Frederick Tudor. 
Joseph B. Upham. 
James G. Vose. 
Thomas S. Vose. 
William H. Wardwell. 
J. Collins Warren. 
Winslow Warren. 
George Peabody Wetniore. 
William D. Whiting. 
Charles Tidd Wild. 
Alexander Williams. 
J. Huntington Wolcott. 




■liBBBHh 



